https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3265998875528797637/4524687269352169671


 58- Surat Almujadilah

22 Verses  Maddani (revealed in Medina)


A'auzu Bellahi mena alshytani alrajim

I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan

Bismi Ellahi Alrhmani Alrahim

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Qad same'a Allahu qawla allati tujadeluka fee zawjeha wa tashtaki ela Allahi wa Allahu yasma'uo tahawurakuma inna Allaha Samee-on Baseer (1).
Allah has heard the speech of the one who argues with you about her husband, and she was complaining to Allah, and Allah hears the conversation between both of you, indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.

Allazina youzaheruona menkum men nesa-ehim ma hunna ummahatehim in ummahatuhum ella alla-ee waladnahum wa innahum la-yaquluona munkaran mena alqawli wa zuran wa inna Allaha la-afuwwun Ghafuor (2).
Those who declare Zihar among you from their wives, they are not their mothers, their mothers are not except those who gave them birth, they say an evil saying, and a lie, and indeed, Allah is Oft-Pardoning, All-Forgiving. 

Wa Allazina youzaheruona men nesa-ehim thumma ya-uduona lema qaluo fa-tahreeruo raqabatin men qabli an yatamassa zalekum tu-azuona behi wa Allahu bema ta'maluona Khabeer (3).
And those who declare Zihar from their wives, then they retract what they said, then freeing a neck before that they touch every other, that is what you are admonished with, and Allah is All-Aware of what you do. 

Fa-man lam yajed fa-siyamuo shahraiyni mutatabeaiyni men qabli an yatamassa fa-man lam yastate' fa-it'amuo setteena meskeenan zaleka le-tu'menuo bellahi wa rasulehi wa telka hududu Allahi wa lelkafereena azabun aleem (4).
Then whoever does not find, then fasting for two consecutive months before that they touch every other, but he who is not able then feeding sixty needy ones, so that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger, and these are the limits of Allah, and for the disbelievers there is a painful punishment.

Inna allazina youhadduna Allaha wa rasulahu kubetuo kama kubeta allazina men qablehim wa qad anzalna ayatin bayyinatin wa lel-kafereena azabun muheen (5).
Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger were disgraced as those who before them were disgraced, and We certainly have sent a clear verses, and for the disbelievers there is a humiliating punishment.

Yawma yab'athuhumuo Allahu jamee-an fa younabbe-uhum bema ameluo ahsahuo Allahu wa nasuhu wa Allah ala kulli shaiy-in shaheed (6)
The day when Allah will resurrect them all, and inform them of what they did, Allah has recorded it while they have forgotten it, and Allah is Witness over everything.

Alam tara anna Allaha ya'lamuo ma fee alsamawati wa ma fee alardi ma yakunuo men najwa thalathatin ella huwa rabe-uhum wa la khamsatin ella huwa sadesuhum wa la adna men zaleka wa la akthara ella huwa ma'ahum ayyna ma kanuo thumma younabbe-uhum bema ameluo yawma alqiyamati inna Allaha be-kulli shaiy-in aleem (7).
Did not you see that Allah knows whatever is in the heavens, and whatever is on the earth, there is no secret counsel of three but He is their Forth, nor five but He is their sixth, nor fewer than that or more, but He is with them wherever they are, then on the day of resurrection He will inform them of what they did, indeed Allah is All-Knower of everything.

Alam tara ela allazina nuhu ani alnajwa thumma ya-uduona lama nuhu anhu wa yatanajawna bel-ethmi wal-udwani wa-ma'siyati alrasuli wa iza ja-uka hayyawka bema lam youhayyeka behi ellahu wa yaquluona fee anfusehim laww la youa'zzebuna Allahu bema naquluo hasbuhum jahannamuo yaslawnaha fa-be'sa almaseer (8).  
Did not you see those who were forbidden from secret counsel, then they return to what they were forbidden from, and they hold secret counsel for sin and transgression and disobedience of the Messenger, and when they come to You, they greet You with what Allah has not greeted you therewith, and they say to themselves, why does Allah not punish us for what we say?, sufficient for them is Hellfire, they will burn in it, and wretched is the fate.

Ya-ayyuha allazina amanuo iza tanajaiytum fala tatanajaww bel-ethmi wal-udwani wa-ma'siyati alrasuli wa tanajaww bel-bberri wat-taqwa wa-ttaquo Allaha allazi elaiyhi tuhsharuon (9).
O you who believed!, when you hold secret counsel, then do not hold secret counsel for sin and transgression and disobedience of the Messenger, and hold secret counsel for righteousness and piety, and fear Allah, to whom you will be gathered.  

Innama alnajwa mena ash-shaytani le-yahzuna allazina amanuo wa-laiytha  be-darrehim shaiy-an ella be-izni ellahi wa ala Allahi fal-yatawakkali almu'menuon (10)
Secret counsel is only from Satan that he may grieve those who believed, and nothing will harm them except by the permission of Allah, and upon Allah let the believers put their trust.

Ya-ayyuha allazina amanuo iza qeela lakum tafassahuo fee elmajalesi faf-sahuo yafsahi ellahu lakum, wa iza qeela enshuzu fan-shuzuo yarfa-ee ellahu allazina amanuo menkum wa allazina auto alelma darajatin wa Allahu bema ta'maluona khabeer (11).
O you who believed!, when it is said to you make room in the sittings, then make room, Allah will make room for you, and when it is said rise up, then rise up, Allah will raise those who believed among you and those who were given the knowledge, degrees, and Allah is All-Aware of what you do.

Ya-ayyuha allazina amanuo iza najaiytumu alrasula fa-qaddemuo baiyna yadaiy najwakum sadaqatan zaleka khaiyrun lakum wa att-haru fa-in lam tajeduo fa-inna Allaha Ghafurun Raheem (12).
O you who believed!, when you hold secret counsel with the Messenger, then offer before your secret counsel a charity, that is better for you, and purer, but if you do not find, then indeed, Allah is Most-Forgiving, Most-Merciful.

A-ashfaqtum an touqaddemuo baiyna yadaiy najwakum sadaqatin fa-iz lam taf'aluo wa taba Allahu alaiykum fa-aqeemuo alsalata wa atuo alzakata wa atee-uo Allaha wa rasulahu wa Allahu khabeerun bema ta'maluon (13).
Do you fear that you would offer charities before your secret counsel, then when you do not, and Allah has turned to you, then establish prayer, and give the Zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger, and Allah is All-Aware of what you do.

Alm tara ela allazina tawallaww qawman ghadeba Allahu alaiyhim ma hum menkum wa la menhum wa yahlefuona ala alkazebi wa hum ya'lamuon (14).
Did not you see those who make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry, they are neither of you nor of them and they swears to lie while they know. 

A'adda Allahu lahum azaban shadeedan innahum sa'a ma kanuo ya'maluon (15).
Allah has prepared for them a severe punishment, indeed, evil is what they used to do.

Ettakhazuo aymanahum junnatan fa-sadduo an sabeli ellahi fa-lahum azabun muheen (16).
They take their oaths as cover, so they prevented from the way of Allah, so for them there is a humiliating punishment.

Lan tuoghneya anhum amwaluhum wa la awladuhum mena Allahi shaiy-an aulaeka as-habuo alnari hum feeha khaleeduon (17).
Neither their wealth nor their children will avail them from Allah in anything, those are the companions of the Hellfire, they will abide therein forever.

Yawma yab'athuhumu Allahu jamee-an fa-yahlefuona lahu kama yahlefuona lakum wa yahsabuona annahum ala shaiy-in ala innahum humuo alkazebuon (18).
The day when Allah will resurrect them all, then they will swear to Him as they swear to you, and they think that they are on a something, no doubt, indeed, they are the liars.

Estahwaza alaiyhimuo ash-shaytanuo fa-ansahum zekra Allahi aulaeka hezbuo ash-shaytani ala inna hezba ash-shaytani humuo alkhaseruon (19).
Satan has overcome them so he made them forget the remembrance of Allah, those are the party of Satan, no doubt, indeed, the party of Satan are the losers.

Inna allazina yuohadduna Allaha wa rasulahu aulaeka fee alazalleen (20).
Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His messenger, those will be among the most humiliated.

Kataba Allahu la-aghlebanna ana wa rusuli inna Allah Qawiyyun Aziz (21).
Allah has written I will surely overcome, Me and My Messengers, indeed, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty.

La tajeduo qawman you'menuona bellahi wal-yawmi alakheri youwadduna man hadda Allaha wa rasulahu wa-laww kanuo aba'ahum aw abna'ahum aw ekhwanahum aw asheratahum aulaeka kataba fee qulubehemuo aleemana wa ayyadahum be-ruhin menhuo wa youdkheluhum jannatin tajree men tahteha alanharuo khaledeena feeha radiya Allahu anhum wa radu anhuo aulaeka hezbuo Allahi ala inna hezba Allahi humu almuflehuon (22).
You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day loving those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers, or their clan, those He wrote faith in their hearts and supported them with a spirit from Him, and He will admit them into gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him, those are the party of Allah, unquestionably, indeed, the party of Allah are the successful ones.  


Simplified interpretation:



 Surat Almujadilah comes to clarify many rulings, starting with the ruling on Zihar and how to make expiation for it, and the ruling on the secret counsel between the believers. It also carries the ruling on the secret counsel with Allah's Messenger and the abrogation of it at the same time, and it deals with a description of the party of Allah versus the party of Satan, and the recompense of each of them in the Hereafter. 


 Allah says in the first two verses "Allah has heard the speech of the one who argues with you about her husband, and she was complaining to Allah, and Allah hears the conversation between both of you, indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing, those who declare Zihar among you from their wives, they are not their mothers, their mothers are not except those who gave them birth, they say an evil saying, and a lie, and indeed, Allah is Oft-Pardoning, All-Forgiving". These verses were revealed about Khawlah Bint Tha'labah when she went to Allah's Messenger (PBUH) complaining her husband Aws Bin Alsamit who declare Zihar from her by saying "you are like my mother's back", viz he prevents sexual intercourse between them as narrated by Hisham Bin Urwah: "Khawlah was the wife of Aws Bin Alsamit, he was a man immensely given to sexual intercourse, when his desire for intercourse was intensified, he made his wife like his mother's back, so Allah the Exalted sent down the expiation of Zihar.


 And Aisha said in narration of Urwah Bin Alzubair: "Blessed the one whose hearing encompasses all things, I heard some of the words of Khawlah Bint Tha'labah, but some of her words were not clear to me, when she complained to the Allah's Messenger about her husband, and said: O Messenger of Allah, he has consumed my youth and I split my belly for him, but when I grew old and could no longer bear children for him, he declared Zihar upon me, O Allah, I complain to you, she continued to complain until Gabriel brought down these verses", so Allah assures that He is All-Hearing, All-Seeing whose hearing and sight encompass everything, and nothing in the heavens nor on the earth is hidden from Him. Thus, Allah, Almighty prohibited Zihar and described it as an evil saying and a lie, because their wives are not their mothers and their mothers are not except those who gave them birth, and Allah is Oft-Pardoning, All-Forgiving for those who repent from what they did.


 And then Allah sent down the expiation of Zihar in the next two verses (3,4), where He says "And those who declare Zihar from their wives, then they retract what they said, then freeing a neck before that they touch every other, that is what you are admonished with, and Allah is All-Aware of what you do, then whoever does not find, then fasting for two consecutive months before that they touch every other, but he who is not able then feeding sixty needy ones, so that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger, and these are the limits of Allah, and for the disbelievers there is a painful punishment".


 Based on that, the expiation of Zihar is to free a neck (slave), and if he can not find it, then he must fast for two consecutive months without breaking the fast even for one day, and if he is not able to fast, then he has to feed sixty needy ones, and he should do that before having sexual intercourse with his wife again, and these are the limits of Allah so whoever disobeys Him by doing Zihar must make expiation through one of these three. And because Aws was a poor man, he could not free a neck, and he was an old man so he could not fast for two consecutive months, and likewise he had nothing which he may give in alms to feed sixty needy ones, so Allah's Messenger helped him to expiate his Zihar, where Aws said in narration of At'a that the Prophet gave him fifteen sa's of wheat to feed sixty poor people. Sa' is a special measure for food grain, and in the current time, one Sa' is estimated at approximately three kilograms.


 Then Allah says in the next two verses (5,6) "Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger were disgraced as those who before them were disgraced, and We certainly have sent a clear verses, and for the disbelievers there is a humiliating punishment, the day when Allah will resurrect them all, and inform them of what they did, Allah has recorded it while they have forgotten it, and Allah is Witness over everything", where Allah has made His limits clear to the believers, but as for those who opposes Him and transgresses His limits, He will disgrace and destroy them as He destroyed those before them, and a humiliating punishment will await them on the day of resurrection, that day on which they will be resurrected, and they will find what their hands have submitted is written with Allah while they forgot it, and Allah is Witness over everything.


 And Allah says in the next verse (7) "Did not you see that Allah knows whatever is in the heavens, and whatever is on the earth, there is no secret counsel of three but He is their Forth, nor five but He is their sixth, nor fewer than that or more, but He is with them wherever they are, then on the day of resurrection He will inform them of what they did, indeed Allah is All-Knower of everything", where Allah confirms that His knowledge encompasses everything is in the heavens and everything is on the earth, even it was a secret counsel, and He is with those who hold secret counsel, whether their number is few or many, He knows what they say secretly and publicly, and nothing is hidden from Him, and on the day of resurrection, He will inform them of what they did, and Allah confirms again that He is All-Knower of everything. and this Aya is similar to Aya (78) of Surat Altawbah, and Aya (80) of Surat Alzukhruf.   


 Then Allah says in Aya (8) "Did not you see those who were forbidden from secret counsel, then they return to what they were forbidden from, and they hold secret counsel for sin and transgression and disobedience of the Messenger, and when they come to You, they greet You with what Allah has not greeted you therewith, and they say to themselves, why does Allah not punish us for what we say?, sufficient for them is Hellfire, they will burn in it, and wretched is the fate", that is, Allah forbade the Jews from the secret counsel because it grieves the believers, but they did not respond to Him, and they return to it for sin, transgression, and the disobedience of the Messenger, and when they come to Him, they greet him with what Allah has not greeted him therewith, where as narrated  by Anas Bin Malik "A Jew came to the prophet (PBUH) and His companions and said ''As-samu Alaikum", so the prophet replied to him. The Prophet said: Do you know what this person said, they said: Allah and His Messenger know better, He said As-salam, O Allah's Prophet, He said: no, rather he said like this and that, bring him back for Me, so they brought him back and He said : Did you say As-samu Alaikum?, he said: yes, so that Allah's Prophet said regarding that: ''When one of the people of the scripture gives you As-salam, then say "Alaiyka ma qulta" that is whatever you said to you too, and Allah's Prophet recited "And when they come to You, they greet You with what Allah has not greeted you therewith". Although the difference between As-salamu Alaikum" and "As-samu alaikum" is one letter in Arabic "Lam", and it does not appear clearly in pronunciation, but the difference between them is great, the first is the greeting of Islam "Peace be upon you", while the second means "Death be upon You''. They also said within themselves that if Muhammad is a true Prophet, then why does Allah not punish us for what we say secretly, so Allah threatened them with the Hellfire and said "Sufficient for them is Hellfire, they will burn in it, and wretched is the fate".


 Therefore, Allah forbade the believers not to be like the Jews, and said to them in the next two verses (9,10) "O you who believed!, when you hold secret counsel, then do not hold secret counsel for sin and transgression and disobedience of the Messenger, and hold secret counsel for righteousness and piety, and fear Allah, to whom you will be gathered, secret counsel is only from Satan that he may grieve those who believed, and nothing will harm them except by the permission of Allah, and upon Allah let the believers put their trust", that is, Allah commanded the believers not to hold secret counsel for sin and transgression and disobedience of the Messenger as the Jews did, but rather to hold secret counsel for what bring them close to Allah's obedience, and to fear Him, the One to whom they will be gathered, and Allah confirms that the secret counsel is only from Satan to grieve the believers and to delude them that evil may fall upon them, so Allah assures them that nothing will harm them except by the permission of Allah, and all they have to do is to rely on Him and to submit all their affairs to Him alone. And Allah's Messenger Muhammad (PBUH) forbade the secret counsel because it grieves the believers and said in narration of Abdullah: "When you are three persons sitting together, then no two of you should hold secret counsel excluding the third person until you are with some other people too, for that would grieve him".  


 Allah continues to address the believers and commands them to do good to one another in Aya (11) "O you who believed!, when it is said to you make room in the sittings, then make room, Allah will make room for you, and when it is said rise up, then rise up, Allah will raise those who believed among you and those who were given the knowledge, degrees, and Allah is All-Aware of what you do", where Allah commanded them to make room for each other in the sittings, so that Allah will make room for them in the worldly life and in the Hereafter, but it is not permissible for anyone to set up someone else from his seat to sit on it where as narrated by Ibn Umar: "The Prophet forbade that a man should be made to get up from his seat so that another might sit on it, but one should make room and spread out" Ibn Umar disliked that a man should get up from his seat and then somebody else sit at his place. Also Allah commanded the believers to rise up if they are called to do good, and Allah assures them that their compliance to His commands will not be in vain for He will raise those who believed and those who were given the knowledge in their degrees and their reward will be higher than others.


 Then Allah says in the next two verses (12,13) "O you who believed!, when you hold secret counsel with the Messenger, then offer before your secret counsel a charity, that is better for you, and purer, but if you do not find, then indeed, Allah is Most-Forgiving, Most-Merciful, Do you fear that you would offer charities before your secret counsel, then when you do not, and Allah has turned to you, then establish prayer, and give the Zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger, and Allah is All-Aware of what you do" that is, Allah commanded the believers to offer a charity before holding secret counsel with His Messenger, but He abrogated this command and relieved them when the command of charity was difficult for them, thereupon, Allah turned to them in mercy and forgiveness and commanded them to establish prayer, give the Zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger, and it was said that it was only Ali Bin Abi Talib who offered charity before his secret counsel with Allah's Messenger before the abrogation of the verse and the cancellation of its obligation. 


 Allah describes the the hypocrites who took the Jews as allies in aya (14) "Did not you see those who make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry, they are neither of you nor of them and they swears to lie while they know" where the hypocrites took the Jews whom Allah has become angry as allies and promised them victory as mentioned in aya (11) of Surat Alhashr, and Allah said that the hypocrites are neither from Muslims nor from the Jews, and they swears falsely that they are believers while they are not, and they know that they are liars, therefore Allah threatens them in the next verse (15) with a painful torment in the Hereafter as a recompense for their loyalty to the Jews "Allah has prepared for them a severe punishment, indeed, evil is what they used to do". Also they take their oaths as a shield to protect themselves, and as a result of their hypocrisy, they prevented others from the way of Allah and this is similar to Aya (2) of Surat Almunafiquon, so that Allah threatens them again with a humiliating punishment from which neither their wealth nor their children will save them, as mentioned in Ayat (16,17) "They take their oaths as cover, so they prevented from the way of Allah, so for them there is a humiliating punishment, neither their wealth nor their children will avail them from Allah in anything, those are the companions of the Hellfire, they will abide therein forever". 


 They will swear falsely to Allah on the day of resurrection when Allah will resurrect them all from their graves as they used to swear falsely in the worldly life, and they think that their oaths will avail them from Allah's punishment as it saved them in the worldly life because people judge them by what they declare but Allah confirms that they are liars for He knows what they declare and what they conceal, where Allah says in Aya (18) "The day when Allah will resurrect them all, then they will swear to Him as they swear to you, and they think that they are on a something, no doubt, indeed, they are the liars". And Allah has described them as the party of Satan in the next verse (19) "Satan has overcome them so he made them forget the remembrance of Allah, those are the party of Satan, no doubt, indeed, the party of Satan are the losers", that is, Satan has possessed their hearts till they forget the remembrance of Allah and surely the party of Satan are the losers because they sold heaven by Hellfire and they sold guidance by misguidance. And Allah assures again in Aya (20) that those who opposes Him and transgresses His limits, whom He promised a humiliating punishment in the fifth verse, they will be among the most humiliated on the day of resurrection "Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His messenger, those will be among the most humiliated".


 Then Allah gave the believers a glad tidings of the victory in the worldly life and in the Hereafter where He says in the last two verses (21,22) "Allah has written I will surely overcome, Me and My Messengers, indeed, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty, You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day loving those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers, or their clan, those He wrote faith in their hearts and supported them with a spirit from Him, and He will admit them into gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him, those are the party of Allah, unquestionably, indeed, the party of Allah are the successful ones", where Allah has decreed in His book that the victory is for Him, His Messengers, and the believing servants whom Allah described as "The party of Allah", and He is All-Powerful in victory over those who disobeys Him, All-Mighty in His revenge on them, so the rule of Allah is to give victory to the believers, then Allah assures that the believers who believe in Allah and the day of resurrection have no affection for the disbelievers who opposes Allah and His Messenger even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers, or their clan, therefore, Allah has decreed faith in their hearts and He strengthened them with a spirit from Him, and their reward will be gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever, and Allah is pleased with them by accepting their deeds, and they are pleased with Him for the bliss He gave them, and surely the party of Allah are the ones who are successful in winning the gardens of eternal bliss.

   

No one Knows its interpretation except Allah



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