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55- Surat Alrahman

78 Verses  Maddani (revealed in Medina)


A'auzu Bellahi mena alshytani alrajim

I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan

Bismi Ellahi Alrhmani Alrahim

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful


Alrahman (1).
The Most Gracious.

Allama Alquran (2).
Has taught the Quran.

Khalaqa alinsan (3).
Has created man.

Allamahuo albayan (4).
Has taught Him the speech.

Alshamsuo wa alqamaruo behusban (5).
The sun and the moon, by a calculation. 

Wa alanajmuo wa alshajaruo yasjudan (6).
And the stars and the trees both prostrate.

Wa alsama'a rafa'aha wa wada'a almezan (7).
And the heaven He raised it, and He has set up the balance.

Al-la tatghaww fee almezan (8).
That you should not transgress in the balance.

Wa aqeemuo alwazna belqesti wa la tukhseruo almezan (9).
And establish the weight in justice, and do not make the balance deficient.

Wa alarda wada'aha lelanam (10).
And the earth He laid it for the creatures.

Feeha fakehatun wa alnakhluo zatuo alakmam (11).
Therein fruits and palm trees having covers

Wa alhabbuo zuo alasfi wa alraiyhan (12).
And the grain having bran, and provision.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (13).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Khalaqa alinsana men salsalin kal-fakhkhar (14).
Has created the man from dry clay, like the pottery.

Wa khalaqa aljanna men marejin men nar (15).
And Has created the Jinn from a smokeless flame of fire.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (16).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Rabbuo almashreqaiyni wa Rabbuo Almaghrebaiyn (17).
The Lord of the two rises and the Lord of the two settings.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (18).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Maraja albahraiyni yaltaqeyan (19).
He released the two seas, meeting.

Baiynahuma barzakhun la yabgheyan (20).
Between both of them a barrier, they do not transgress.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (21).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Yakhrujuo menhuma al-lu'lu'uo wa almarjan (22).
Emerge from both of them the pearl and the coral.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (23).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Wa lahuo aljawari almunsha'atuo fee albahri kal-a'alam (24).
And for Him the elevated ships in the sea like mountains.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (25).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Kulluo man alaiyha fan (26).
Everyone who is on it will pass away.

Wa yabqa wajhuo Rabbika zuo Aljalali wa Alikram (27).
And will remain the countenance of your Lord, the Possessor of Majesty and Honor.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (28).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Yas'aluhuo man fee alsamawati wa alardi kulla yawmin huwa fee shan (29).
Whoever is in the heavens and the earth asks Him, every day He is in a matter.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (30).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Sa-nafrughuo lakum ayyuha althaqalan (31).
Soon We will reckon you, O you two groups!.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (32).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Ya-ma'shara aljinni wa alinsi ini estat'tum an tanfuzuo men aqtari alsamawati wa alardi fanfuzuo la tanfuzuona ella besultan (33).
O company of Jinn and men! if you are able to pass through the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass through, you do not pass except by authority.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (34).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Yoursaluo alaiykuma shuwazun men narin wa nuhasun fala tantaseran (35).
A flame of fire and copper will be sent upon both of you, and you will not be able to defend yourselves.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (36).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Fa-iza enshaqqati alsama'uo fa-kant wardatan kal-dehan (37).
Then when the sky has split up, and it becomes rose-colored like oil.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (38).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Fayawma-izin la yous'aluo an zanbehi insun wala Jann (39).
Then that day, neither man nor Jinn will be asked about his sin.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (40).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

You'rafuo almujremuona besemahum fa-you'khazuo bel-nawasi wal-aqdam (41).
The criminals will be known by their marks, and will be seized by the forelocks and the feet.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (42).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Hazehi jahannamuo allati youkazzebuo beha almujremuon (43).
This is Hellfire which the criminals deny.

Yatufuona baiynaha wa baiyna hameemin an (44).
They will circle between it and boiling water.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (45).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Wa leman khafa maqama Rabbehi jannatan (46).
And for he who feared the position of his Lord, two gardens.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (47).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Zawata afnan (48).
Having branches.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (49).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

feehema aiynani tajreyan (50).
In both of them two running springs.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (51).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Feehema men kulli fakehatin zawjan (52).
In both of them are of every fruits, two pairs.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (53).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Muttake-ena ala furushin bata'enuha men estabraqin wa jana aljannataiyni dan (54).
Reclining on couches whose linings are of brocade, and the fruit of the two gardens is near. 

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (55).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Feehenna qaseratuo altarfi lam yatmeth-hunna insun qablahum wala Jann (56).
In them are chaste women, whom neither man nor Jinn has touched before them.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (57).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Ka-annahunna alyaqutuo wal-marjan (58).
As if they were rubies and coral.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (59).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Hal jaza-uo alehsani ella alehsan (60).
Is the reward of good but good?.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (61).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Wa men dunehema jannatan (62).
And below these two, are two gardens.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (63).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Mud-hammatan (64).
Both dark green.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (65).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Feehema aiynani naddakhatan (66).
In both of them are two flowing springs.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (67).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Feehema fakehatun wa nakhlun wa rumman (68).
In both of them are fruits and date-palms and pomegranates.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (69).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Feehenna khaiyratun hesan (70).
In them are good and beautiful women.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (71).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Hurun maqsuratun fee alkheiyam (72).
Houris, reserved in pavilions.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (73).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Lam yatmeth-hunna insun qablahum wala Jann (74).
Whom neither man nor Jinn has touched before them.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (75).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Muttake-ena ala rafrafin khudrin wa abqariyyin hesan (76).
Reclining on green couches, and beautiful carpets.

Fabe-ayyi ala-ee Rabbikuma tukazzeban (77).
So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?.

Tabaraka esmuo Rabbika zee Aljalali wa Alekram (78).
Blessed the Name of your Lord, the Possessor of Majesty and Honor. 


Simplified interpretation:



 Surat Alrahman begins with Allah's attribute Alrahman "the Most Gracious", then it deals with the power and the greatness of the Most Gracious in His creation, where Allah enumerates His blessings upon His creatures including description of the creation of man and the Jinn, and the creation of the heavens and the earth, along with some scenes of the day of resurrection and its horrors, the description of Hellfire, and the description of gardens, and because Allah's blessings are apparent and can not be denied, Allah addresses mankind and the Jinn 31 times throughout the Surah and says "So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?".


 Allah says in the first four verses "The Most Gracious, has taught the Quran, has created man, has taught Him the speech", where Alrahman "the Most Gracious" is an exclusive attribute of Allah, Almighty, for it is not permissible to describe anyone besides Allah by the Most Gracious, therefore, Allah followed it with actions that no one else did, as He Alone was the One who revealed the Quran to His Messenger Muhammad (PBUH), and He created man, and among of His blessings upon him is that He taught him to speak, so that it would be easy for him to understand his religious and worldly matters.  


 Then Allah says in the next nine verses (5-13) "The sun and the moon, by a calculation, and the stars and the trees both prostrate, and the heaven He raised it, and He has set up the balance, that you should not transgress in the balance, and establish the weight in justice, and do not make the balance deficient, and the earth He laid it for the creatures, therein fruits and palm trees having covers, and the grain having bran, and provision, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?", where the sun and the moon run according to a predetermined and known calculation that does not change and does not differ, and the stars and the trees both prostrate to Allah, and Allah says in Surat Alhajj Aya (18) "Do you not see that to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth and the sun and the moon and the stars and the mountains and the trees and the moving creatures and many of the people", and Allah has raised the sky upon the earth without pillars that we can see, and Allah has set the balance to establish justice between His servants, and He commanded man not to transgress in the balance, to establish the weight in justice, and not to make the balance deficient, and Allah has prepared Hellfire for those who do so, where He says in Surat Almutaffifin  Ayat (1-3) "Waillun to Almutaffifin, those who, when they take weight from people, they take it in full, but when they measuring or weighing for them, they give less.
 

 And Allah has laid, paved, and spread out the earth for the creatures from mankind and the Jinn, and therein fruits of different colours, shapes, and tastes, as well as palm trees that have covers which are the inflorescence cones from which dates come out, and Allah singled palm tree out for its great benefits, and Our Prophet (PBUH) likened it to the Muslim, where Abdullah Bin Umar said: "Allah's Messenger said: Amongst the trees, there is a tree, the leaves of which do not fall and is like a Muslim, tell Me the name of that tree, everybody started thinking about the trees of the desert area, and I thought of date-palm but I felt shy to answer, the others then asked "What is that tree, O Allah's Messenger?, He replied: It is the date-palm tree". Allah also has made the trees that produce grains like the wheat tree and the rice tree that grow provision for man (flour and rice) and bran for animals (wheat bran and rice bran), and Allah has named the bran (Alasf) because they were at the time of Allah's Messenger (PBUH) blowing the flour in the air, so the bran would fly off, and then they would use the flour where as narrated by Abu Hazim: "I asked Sahl bin Sad Did Allah's Messenger ever eat white flour?, Sahl said Allah's Messenger never saw white flour since Allah sent Him as a Messenger till He took Him unto Him, I asked Did the people have sieves during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger?, Sahl said Allah's Messenger never saw a sieve since Allah sent Him as a Messenger until He took Him unto Him, I said How could you eat barley unsifted?, He said we used to grind it and then blow off its husk, and after the husk flew away, we used it to prepare the dough and eat it". So Allah reminds His servants of His blessings upon them, therefore, Allah addresses mankind and the Jinn and asked them as a denunciation "So which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?".


 Allah says in the next twelve verses (14-25) "Has created the man from dry clay, like the pottery, and Has created the Jinn from a smokeless flame of fire, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, the Lord of the two risings and the Lord of the two settings, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, He released the two seas, meeting, between both of them a barrier, they do not transgress, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, emerge from both of them the pearl and the coral, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, and for Him the elevated ships in the sea like mountains, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?", that is, Allah enumerates His blessings upon His creation, interspersed with a question about which of His blessings they deny. Allah has created Adam from dry clay like the pottery, and He has created the Jinn from a smokeless flame of fire, and He is the Lord of the two risings of the sun in summer and winter, and the two settings of the sun in summer and winter, and it is He who made the salty sea and the sweet sea meet and made a barrier between them so that they do not mix with each other as in the confluence of the Nile River and the Mediterranean Sea in Damietta governorate, Egypt, and this is an example of verse (53) of Surat Alfurqan "And He is the One who has released the two seas, this is fresh and sweet, and this is salty and bitter, and He has made between them a barrier and forbidden partition", where the Nile river is fresh and sweet, and the Mediterranean Sea is salty and bitter. Among the blessings of Allah is also that He made pearls and coral in the sea, where they are a source of provision and adornment. likewise, Allah made the great ships that run in the sea, which are like mountains in size, and they are a source of livelihood, whether they are fishing ships or cargo ships. 


 Allah lists some facts such as the fate of death, He alone is the One who will remain, He is the One who manages the affairs of His creation, and some scenes that will happen on the day of resurrection, and these facts are interspersed with a question about which of His blessings they deny, where Allah says in the next eleven verses (26-36) "Everyone who is on it will pass away, and will remain the countenance of your Lord, the Possessor of Majesty and Honor, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, whoever is in the heavens and the earth asks Him, every day He is in a matter, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, soon We will reckon you, O you two groups!, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, O company of Jinn and men! if you are able to pass through the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass through, you do not pass except by authority, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, A flame of fire and copper will be sent upon both of you, and you will not be able to defend yourselves, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?", where Allah confirms the reality of the day of resurrection as everyone on the earth will die and perish and only He will remain, and He is the Possessor of Majesty and Honor, and our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) commanded us to say it a lot where He said in narration of Anas Bin Malik "Be constant with O Possessor of Majesty and Honor! "Ya za Aljalali wa Alekram".


 Allah tells us about His creation's need for Him, as those in the heavens and the earth from among Angels, men, and Jinn asks Him, and every day He is in an affair of which He gives the needy, heals the sick, raises some people, and brings others low for Our Prophet said in narration of Nawwas Bin Sam'an Alkelabi: "The scale is in the Hand of Alrahman (the Most Gracious), He will cause some people to rise and others to fall until the day of resurrection". Then Allah threatens men and the Jinn that He will reckon them on the day of resurrection and they will find the reward and the punishment that Allah has promised, and Allah will say to them that day if they are able to penetrate from the regions of the heavens and the earth and from Allah's judgement and decree, then do so, and this is a challenge because they have no authority, so they will not be able to get out of Allah's authority and ability, and if they try to escape, A flame of fire and copper will be sent upon them, and they will not be able to protect themselves from that punishment.  


 Allah continues to describe some scenes of the day of resurrection which are also interspersed with a question about which of His blessings they deny in the next nine verses (37-45) "Then when the sky has split up, and it becomes rose-colored like oil, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, then that day, neither man nor Jinn will be asked about his sin, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, the criminals will be known by their marks, and will be seized by the forelocks and the feet, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, this is Hellfire which the criminals deny, they will circle between it and boiling water, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?", that is, the sky will split open from the horror of the day of resurrection, it will melt, and it's color will change, and on that day, neither man nor Jinn will be asked about his sin because the Angels will distinguish between the believers and the disbelievers by marks on their faces, then the Angels will take the criminals by their forelocks and their feet, and will throw them into Hellfire, and it will be said to them as a reprimand "This is Hellfire which the criminals deny", that is, the Hellfire that you used to deny is present in front of your eyes, and then sometimes they will tortured in that fire and other times by drinking from hot boiling water.


 On the contrary, Allah describes the reward and the bliss that He has prepared for those who fears the position of their Lord, and they are interspersed with a question about which of His blessings they deny, where Allah says in the next sixteen verses (46-61) "And for he who feared the position of his Lord, two gardens, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, having branches, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, in both of them two running springs, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, in both of them are of every fruits, two pairs, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, reclining on couches whose linings are of brocade, and the fruit of the two gardens is near, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, in them are chaste women, whom neither man nor Jinn has touched before them, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, as if they were rubies and coral, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, is the reward of good but good?, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?" that is, Allah has prepared two gardens for those who feared the standing before their Lord, and as a result they did what He commanded, and leaved what He forbade, and our Prophet described these two gardens in narration of Abdullah bin Qais: "Two gardens  the utensils and the contents of which are of silver, and two other gardens, the utensils and contents of which are of gold, and nothing will prevent the people who will be in the garden of Eden from seeing their Lord except the cloak of Majesty over His face".


 These two gardens have branches that touch each others like trellises, and in both of them two flowing springs to water these trees and branches so that they can bear fruit of all colors, and there are fruits of all kinds in two varieties, and the companions of Paradise will recline on couches whose linings are of brocade, and the fruit of the two gardens is hanging near, where it's branches will come down to them whenever they want to eat, and this is similar to Aya (23) of Surat Alhaqqah, and Aya (14) of Surat Alinsan. They also will have chaste women who do not look at anyone but their husbands, and no one had intercourse with them before their husbands, and they are as beautiful as the purity of rubies and the whiteness of coral. Allah has blessed them with this bliss because they did righteous deeds in the worldly life, so this will be their reward in the Hereafter "Is the reward of good but good?".


 And because the companions of Paradise will be in two categories: the forerunners and the companions of the right as mentioned in Surat Alwaqi'ah, then there will be two other gardens, one of gold and the other of silver as mentioned above, and Allah described the other two gardens and the bliss within them, and they are interspersed with a question about which of His blessings they deny, where He says in Ayat (62-78) "And below these two, are two gardens, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, both dark green, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, in both of them are two flowing springs, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, In both of them are fruits and date-palms and pomegranates, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, in them are good and beautiful women, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, Houris, reserved in pavilions, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, whom neither man nor Jinn has touched before them, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, reclining on green couches, and beautiful carpets, so which of the favors of your Lord will you both deny?, blessed the Name of your Lord, the Possessor of Majesty and Honor", that is, these two gardens are below the ones before them in rank, virtue, and status, and they are green as if they are black of their greenness, and in both of them are two springs, and they are less than the first two springs of the first two gardens, where they are flowing, while the others running. 


 There are in these two gardens fruits and date-palms and pomegranates, although date-palms and pomegranates are among the fruits, Allah has mentioned them especially for their importance, and because they are among the fruits they love. The companions of Paradise will have a gorgeous women of good characters and beautiful faces, and they will be hidden in pavilions, and no one had intercourse with them before the believers who will recline on green couches and beautiful carpets and our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) described the pavilion of Paradise by saying in narration of Abdullah Bin Qais: "In Paradise there is a pavilion made of a single hollow pearl sixty miles wide, in each corner of which there are wives who will not see those in the other corner, and the believers will visit and enjoy them", and because all the previous blessings are from the grace of the Most Gracious, Allah concluded the Surah by saying "Blessed the Name of your Lord, the Possessor of Majesty and Honor". 


No one Knows its interpretation except Allah



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