How to pray the five daily prayers?.
The Prophet (PBUH) explained how to pray, both in words and deeds, and He would correct those who prayed incorrectly and teach them the correct way to perform the prayer, as Abu Hurayrah reported: "A man entered the mosque and started praying while Allah's Messenger (PBUH) was sitting somewhere in the mosque, then the man came and greeted the Messenger of Allah with salutation, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said Go back and Pray, for you have not prayed, he went back and prayed, then he came and greeted the Messenger of Allah, the Messenger of Allah returned his salutation and said Go back and Pray, for you have not prayed, on the third time, the man said Teach Me, He (PBUH) said when you get up for the prayer, Perform ablution properly and then Face the Qibla, and Recite Takbir (Allahu Akbar: Allah is the Greatest), and then Recite of what you know of the Quran, then Bow down and Remain quietly in that position, then Raise your head until your are standing upright, then Prostrate yourself and Remain quietly in that position, then Raise yourself and Sit quietly, then Prostrate yourself and Remain quietly in that position, and then Get up and stand upright, and Do that throughout all your prayers" (Sahih Albukhari 6667& Sahih Muslim 397).
The prayer of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), as described by His companion, May Allah be pleased with them, was as follows: first when the time of prayer is due, the Prophet (PBUH) would perform ablution (Wudu') and then would face the Qibla, raising His hands to the level of His ears or His shoulders, saying Allahu Akbar: Allah is the Greatest, then He would place His right hand over His left hand below His chest and recite the opining supplication, as Abu Hurayrah reported: "Allah's Messenger (PBUH) used to keep silent between the Takbir and the recitation of Quran, and that interval of silence used to be a short one, I said O Messenger of Allah! My father and my mother be sacrifice for You, What do You say in the pause between Takbir and recitation?, He (PBUH) said I say Allahumma baa'id baiyni wa baiyna khatayaya kama baa'adta baiyna almashriqi wa almaghrib, Allahumma naqqini men khatayaya kama younaqqa althawbu al-abyadu mena aldanas, Allahumma ighsil khatayaya bel-maa'i wa althalji wa albarad: O Allah! Set Me apart from My sins as You have set apart the East from West, O Allah! Cleanse Me from sins as a white garment is cleaned of dirt, O Allah! Wash off My sins with water, snow, and hail" (Sahih Albukhari 774).
Then the Prophet would recite Surat Alfatihah, and a Surah after it in the first two Rak'ahs, and He would recite in the last two Rak'ahs Surat Alfatihah only (Sahih Muslim 451 a,b). Then He would raise His hands to the level of His shoulders saying Allahu Akbar, then bow saying Subhana Rabbiya Al-Azeem: Glory to be My Lord, the Most Great, (Sahih Muslim 772), and it is preferable to say it more than once. Then Allah's Messenger (PBUH) would rise from His bowing saying Sami'a Allahu le-man hamedah, Allahumma Rabbana wa laka alhamdu: Allah hears those who praises Him, O Allah Our Lord! All praise be to You (Sahih Albukhari 795), then He (PBUH) would stand upright, then prostrate saying Allahu Akbar, and remain quietly in that position and say Subhana Rabbiya Al-A'la: Glory to be My Lord, the Most High, (Sahih Muslim 772), and it is preferable to say it more than once. And Allah's Messenger would supplicate for whatever He wishes in His prostration, then He would raise Himself saying Allahu Akbar, and sit quietly and say Rabbi ighfir lee, Rabbi ighfir lee: O Lord! Forgive me, O Lord forgive me" (Sunan Ibn Majah 897). Then He would Prostrate Himself again and remain quietly in that position saying Subhana Rabbiya Al-A'la: Glory to be My Lord, the Most High, and then He would get up and stand upright, and He would do that throughout all His prayers.
Then Allah's Messenger (PBUH) would recite Tashahhud after the second Rak'ah of every prayer, and there are two types of Tashahhud: the Middle Tashahhud which is recited after the prayer of three Rak'ahs (Maghrib prayer) and the prayer of four Rak'ahs (Dhuhr, Asr, Ishaa prayers), and it is as the Prophet (PBUH) taught it to His companions: Altahiyyatu le-llahi wa alsalawatu wa altayyibatu alsalamu alaiyka ayyuha alnabiyyu wa rahmatu Allahi wa barakatuhu alsalamu alaiyna wa ala ibadi ellahi alsaleheen, ashhadu an la ilaha ella allahu wa ashhadu an muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu: All compliment, prayers and good things are due to Allah, peace be upon You O Prophet and Allah's mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the pious servants of Allah, I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His Servant and Messenger (Sahih Albukhari 831).
The second type of Tashahhud is the final Tashahhud, and it is recited after the second Rak'ah of the prayer of two Rak'ahs (Fajr) and after the third Rak'ahs of the prayer of three Rak'ahs, and after the fourth Rak'ahs of the prayer of four Rak'hs, and it is the same as the Middle Tashahhud, but with the following addition: Allahumma salli ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammadin kama sallaiyta ala ali Ibrahima wa barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammadin kama barakta ala ali Ibrahima fee al-alameena innaka hameedun majeed: O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the members of His household as You have blessed the members of the household of Abraham, and Grant favor to Muhammad and the members of His household as You have granted favor to the members of the household of Abraham in the worlds, Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, and Glorious (Sahih Muslim 405). Then Allah's Messenger would finish Hos prayer with Taslim (Salutation) to His right and left sides saying Alsalamu alaiykum wa rahmatu Allah to each side: Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah (Sunan Abi Dawood 996).
And Allah's Messenger (PBUH) would supplicate Allah between the final Tashahhud and Taslim (Salutation), as Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "When anyone of you utters Tashahhud, he must seek refuge in Allah from four and should say Allahumma inni a'auzu beka men azabi jahannama, wa men azabi alqabri, wa men fetnati almahya wa almamati, wa men sharri fetnati almasihi aldajjal: O Allah! I seek refuge in You from the torment of Hellfire, from the torment of the grave, from the trial of life and death, and from the evil of the trial of the false Messiah (Antichrist)" (Sahih Muslim 588).